Khon, the Khon Masked Dance Drama in Thailand, is a performing art that combines musical, vocal, literary, dance, ritual and handicraft elements. Khon performances – which involve graceful dance movements, instrumental and vocal renditions and glittering costumes – depict the glory of Rama, the hero and incarnation of the god Vishnu, who brings order and justice to the world. The many episodes depict Rama’s life, including his journey in the forest, his army of monkeys, and his fights with the army of Thosakan, king of the giants. On one level, Khon represents high art cultivated by the Siamese courts over centuries, while at another level, as a dramatic performance, it can be interpreted and enjoyed by spectators from different social backgrounds.
Khon has a strong didactic function, reinforcing respect for those of a higher age and status, mutual dependence between leaders and followers, the honour of rulers and the triumph of good over evil. Traditionally, Khon was transmitted in the royal or princely courts, and in dance masters’ households. Today, however, transmission occurs mostly in educational institutions, while still adhering largely to traditional methods. Concerted efforts are made to ensure the continuity of the practice, including through the establishment of training and performance clubs that help reach out to young people.
In 2018, Khon Drama Art was inscribed on the Representative List of UNESCO’s Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.
Khon is a traditional Thai dance drama that originated in the Ayutthaya period and has been performed for centuries in the royal court of Thailand. It is a highly stylized form of theatre that combines dance, music, and drama to tell stories from the Ramakien, the Thai version of the Indian epic, the Ramayana.
The art of Khon is primarily performed by a small number of highly skilled artists who have undergone rigorous training in dance, music, and acting. These artists dedicate their lives to mastering this ancient art form and preserving it for future generations to enjoy.
One of the most striking aspects of Khon is the elaborate costumes worn by the performers. The costumes are intricately designed and are often adorned with gold and other precious materials. The costumes are an integral part of the performance, helping to bring the characters to life and adding to the overall spectacle of the show.
In addition to the elaborate costumes, the performers also wear stunning masks that represent various characters from the Ramakien. These masks are beautifully crafted and are designed to convey the emotions and characteristics of the characters they represent. The masks are an essential part of the performance, helping the audience to distinguish between the different characters and adding a layer of mystery and intrigue to the storytelling.
The music of Khon is another important element of the performance. Traditional Thai instruments such as the khong wong yai (gong circle) and pi (flute) are used to accompany the dancers and actors, creating a magical atmosphere that transports the audience to another time and place. The music adds depth and emotion to the performance, helping to bring the stories of the Ramakien to life in a truly mesmerizing way.
In Chiang Mai, visitors can experience the stunning art of Khon at Khum Kantoke. From the exquisite costumes to the enchanting music, Khon showcases the cultural brilliance of Thailand. This traditional art form has been passed down for generations and continues to captivate audiences around the globe with its beauty and skill. Delving into the world of Khon is like entering a mesmerizing realm where history, tradition, and art intertwine harmoniously. It is a true gem for travelers looking to delve into Thailand’s rich cultural heritage.
September 2024.
